The use of zeolite was investigated to improve the environmental condition of COMMON CARP. The fingerlings of 13 grams were tested in 4 treatments. Each treatment contained 60 fish and 3 replications, in RBD experiment design. The treatment was performed 20, 40, 80 and 120 mg/l and one without zeolite as control. EC, T, O2 and salinity was equal but the amount of No2, NO3, NH4 and total hardness, was lower in zeolite treatment compared to the control group. Other parameters such as TDS, pH and sulfide were not different. The results showed that using zeolite can improve the water condition but the SGR, PER, FCR and total weight, in spite of pronounced difference between the dosage of 8 and 120 mg/l, the difference was not significant. In treatment of 80 mg/l, weight increased for 31%, GR for 29%, SGR for 29%, PER for 42%, more than the control group. FCR in the control group was 3.07 while in treatment with 80 mg/l zeolite, it was 2.34.The present study showed by using zeolite and by good management to improve the water condition, it is possible to improve the growth parameters of fish.

In this study, the effect of onion powder, savory and inulin (prebiotic) in different treatments containing control group, 1% inulin treatment, 1% savory treatment, 1% onion treatment and 1% a mixture of savory and onion treatment (each one in the amount of 0.5%) on some activity of antioxidant enzymes and blood parameters of juvenile CARP were examined in triplicate for 45 days. In each 300 liter water tank, 10 fish with initial average weight of 19.96 ± 0.08 g were storage. The fish were fed to satiation triple daily. At the end of the period, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase), malondialdehyde(MDA) value as an indicator of lipid peroxidation in blood plasma of fish and blood factors (hematocrit, hemoglobin) were evaluated. The results showed that the activity of antioxidant enzymes was higher in all treatments compared to the control group, which was significant in the treatments of herbal supplements (P<0.05).Also, the hemoglobin and hematocrit values were increased more significantly in 1% savory and 1% inulin treatments compared with the control group (P<0.05).Furthermore, the value of MDA reduced more significantly in 1% savory and 1% inulin treatments compared with the control group (P<0.05). So, based on the results, in order to reduce lipid oxidation and improve the physiological status of fish, it is recommended to use 1% savory powder or 1% inulin in the diet of juvenile CARP fish.

Development and releasing the heavy metals in the water, are resistant to degradation and accumulated in fish as a human food chain. In this study, scaled COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio) and scaleless sutchi (striped) catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) exposed to 0.1 lethal concentrations of cadmium to compare bioaccumulation of metal in liver, skin, gills, muscle and SCALES of both fishes. After preparation and chemical digestion of samples, tissue cadmium contents were analyzed by atomic absorption unit (Model Thermo). In COMMON CARP, the highest level of cadmium was found in the liver followed by the skin, gills and SCALES (538 , 98.3, 47.72, and 25.09 mg/g.dw, respectively) and lowest was in the muscle (15.9 mg/g.dw). In the catfish, the highest level of cadmium concentrated in the liver and then in the muscle and gill (195.5, 107, and 52.3 mg/g.dw, respectively) and lowest was in skin (5.93 mg/g.dw). The results of this investigation indicate that the CARP's scaled armature, compared to the scaleless skin of the catfish, adsorbs metal toxicants leading to much lesser metals content in the muscle rendering this tissue rather safer for comestible consumption.

In this study, gelatin extracted in different conditions of pH of COMMON CARP SCALES and were used to produce the film. To evaluate the effect of pH extracted gelatin on the properties of films produced, properties of mechanical, optical and FTIR film production were investigated. The highest tensile strength was seen in the film with pH 5. The highest elasticity was seen at pH 7. Solubility and swelling of films produced at pH 5 had the lowest rates which suggesting it was better resistance to water compared with other films. But the most appropriate film in terms of water vapor permeability was observed at neutral pH. Optical properties and transparency films generally were favorable conditions, and did not show statistically difference. The results of infrared spectroscopy confirm that the more content the triple helix in film production at acidic pH mildly (5) improve its mechanical properties compared to other films. In general it can be said that among of all the films, film production from pH 5, in terms of mechanical properties and resistance to water were better than the films in other pH, and somewhat are comparable with the films production of gelatin derived from mammals.

In this study, gelatin from COMMON CARP SCALES (Cyprinus CARPio) was produced using alkaline, acidic and thermal methods. Then, the physical factors, barrier properties and its appearance characteristics were optimized by changing effective factors in the initial gelatin extraction process. In order to optimize the film, the response surface methodology included a central composite design for extraction process, a series of effective factors in extraction including sodium hydroxide concentration, alkaline pre-treatment, hydrochloric acid concentration and extraction temperature as independent variables were investigated. The dependent variables including tensile properties, water solubility and water vapor permeability were investigated. The results of screening based on mechanical strength and solubility resulted in the selection of 4 factors of 9 factors. In the screening stage, four variables including two factor of the pH of extraction and the duration of the alkaline treatment that had the greatest effect on the tensile strength, and two factor including concentrations of acid treatments and the extraction temperature that had the most effect on the solubility of the films were selected for the the main experiments with gelatin extraction. Other variables that did not have a significant impact on the mechanical properties and film solubility were in their most COMMON form. The main experiments of gelatin extraction included 30 treatments. Solubility showed significant changes (p <0. 05). The lowest solubility was 25. 08% for treatment No. 9 with alkaline treatment for 195 minutes, acid treatment with 0. 3 molar concentration and extraction at 63 ° C. The lowest permeability was for treatment No. 15 with alkaline treatment for 140 minutes, acidic treatment with a concentration of 0. 18 molar and extraction at 76 ° C (p <0. 05). Finally, it was determined that by changing some of the extraction factors, the properties of gelatin film obtained from COMMON CARP SCALES could be optimized.

This study was conducted to compare the morphological characteristics of wild and farmed COMMON CARP. In total 70 samples of COMMON CARP, including 25 samples of wild from Torkaman port and 45 samples of farmed COMMON CARP from Silver CARP center in Gilan province were collected. Morphometric results were standardized using Elliott formula, and then principal component analysis (PCA) and discriminant function analysis (DFA) were used. Independent t-test was used to evaluate the significance of traits between these two populations. The results of this study revealed that the two populations of wild and farmed COMMON craps were completely separated from each other, using PCA and individuals were assigned to their true population with high accuracy (98%) based on DFA. Among the 33 truss distances that were analyzed, 16 distances showed a significant difference between two populations (p<0. 05). The results showed that the studied populations can be distinguished by many morphological differences, especially by dorsal fin length, pectoral fin length, pelvic fin length, anal fin length, dorsal fin width, body width, tail stem width, distance between pectoral and pelvic fin, distance from mouth to dorsal fin and the distance from the mouth to the anal fin. Overall, the results showed that the population of wild CARP was significantly different from the population of farmed COMMON CARP from the morphological point of view.

In this study, the serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, LDH) levels were determined in three CARP species: Grass CARP, silver CARP, and COMMON CARP. For this purpose 50 blood samples were taken from each species. The fishes were apparently normal.The averages of LDH, ALP, ALP, AST, ALT values in COMMON CARP were 1125, 285, 53 and 18 unit respectively. These averages in grass CARP were 1540, 255, 34 and 16 unit, and in silver CARP were 1556, 126, 40 and 14 respectively. The range of LDH activity in grass CARP was between 1484 and 1595. This range for silver CARP was between 1462 and 1650 and 1000 and 1250 in COMMON CARP. For ALP this range in grass CARP was between 196 and 314, in silver CARP between 97 and 156 and in COMMON CARP between 234 and 337. The range of AST activity in grass CARP was between 26 and 44 in silver CARP 33-34 and 43-63 COMMON CARP. The ALT activity was 13-18 in grass CARP 11-16 in silver CARP and 11-16 in silver CARP and 15-21 in COMMON CARP. The range of LDH enzyme activity in COMMON CARP was significantly higher than two other species (p<0.05).ALP level in silver CARP was significantly lower than in the other species (p<0.05). The average of AST activity in COMMON CARP was significantly higher than grass CARP (p<0.05). There wasn't any significant difference between these three fish species in the ALT levels.

Morphological characteristics of fish, including phenotypic diversity in scale pattern, anal fin, and spine shape, play an important role in their viability and economic value. The aim of this study was to investigate the scale patterns and deformities in wild COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio) and breeder’s COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio) of Iranian hatchery centers. In total, 219 samples including 40 wild and 179 farmed COMMON CARP (From Silver CARP center in Guilan Province, Cooperative center of 12 in Guilan Province, Shahid Maleki Center in Khuzestan Province) were collected. All farmed and wild COMMON CARP samples were photographed and their other morphological characteristics were examined. The results of this study show different scale patterns in farmed COMMON craps. We observed three different scale patterns in farmed COMMON CARP including full SCALES (Normal), large SCALES along the lateral line of the body (Line) and a small number of large SCALES (Mirror). Furthermore, we found a wild COMMON CARP with spinal deformation and one farmed COMMON CARP missing anal fin. We also found a different scale pattern in farmed COMMON CARP that was covered with a disordered full scale. In general, the results of the present research which examines the possible variation in the scale pattern and types of deformities in the appearance of wild and farmed COMMON CARP for the first time in Iran, can provide valuable information for further researches in the field of molecular identification of the genetic basis of the variation observed in COMMON CARP.

Objective: Isolation and identification of fungi from gill lesions.Samples: Gill specimens from the COMMON CARP (Cyprinus CARPio), silver CARP (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass CARP (Ctenopharingodon idella).Procedure: The samples were obtained from the five fish farms in Mazandaran province and transferred to mycology laboratory with ice conditon. The samples were inoculated in culture media (Sabouroed glucose agar, glucose pepton agar and corm meal agar+ choloramphenicol).Statistical analysis: Chi-square and t-test. Results: Thirty-nine species of fungi were isolated from the gill lesions. The most important pathogenic fungi were Branchiomyces, Saprolegnia, Fusarium, Phoma and Exophiala. The most frequency isolated fungi were Fusarium (46.4ko3/4%l) and saprolegnia (25ko3/4%l), whereas Exophiala (3.6ko3/4%l) was showen the lowest frequency.Conclusion: This is the first report of isolation of Branchiomyces, Phoma and Exophila from fish in Iran. It is concluded that the above-mentioned isolated pathogenic fungi may play an important rule in fish diseases. Thus, this study should be continued into the future.